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67-64-1 ATSDR ToxFAQs acetone Toxicology reports: CAS=67-64-1 NTP Chemical Repository	MSDS   Acetone Names & Links Vermont SIRI MSDS Archive

Solubility in water is 100% at 20°C ( 68.068°F)

Vapour irritant to eyes, nose and throat. 
Vapour is narcotic at high concentrations. 

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE:
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.

INHALATION RISK:
A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C on dispersing however much faster.

The product may contain trace levels of benzene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde known to the State of California to cause cancer.

Excerpted from MSDS.

Human Health Effects:

Evidence for Carcinogenicity:

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on lack of data concerning carcinogenicity in humans or animals. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Acetone (67-64-1) Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris on the Substance File List as of March 15, 2000]**PEER REVIEWED**

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

EFFECTS SIMILAR TO ETHYL ALCOHOL ... BUT ANESTHETIC POTENCY IS GREATER. 10-20 ML TAKEN BY MOUTH WITHOUT ILL EFFECT. IN ACUTE CASES A LATENT PERIOD MAY BE FOLLOWED BY RESTLESSNESS AND VOMITING LEADING TO HEMATEMESIS AND PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE WITH STUPOR.
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. III-168]**PEER REVIEWED**

WORKERS HAVING BEEN EXPOSED TO 1000 PPM, 3 HR/DAY FOR 7-15 YEARS, ALSO COMPLAINED OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF AIRWAYS, STOMACH AND DUODENUM; SOME OF THEM COMPLAINED OF DIZZINESS & ASTHENIA. SIMILAR COMPLAINTS WERE REPORTED AFTER EXPOSURE ... TO 700 PPM.
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 38]**PEER REVIEWED**

PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT MAY DEFAT THE SKIN & PRODUCE DERMATITIS.
[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982. 4720]**PEER REVIEWED**

... Onset of hepatorenal lesions in two men & two women acutely exposed to acetone /is described/. One person had inhaled acetone vapors whereas the others had ingested acetone. Clinical manifestation of liver injury was observed in all four workers & renal lesions were detected in two.
[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982. 4725]**PEER REVIEWED**

Repeated exposure to 25-920 ppm: chronic conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, gastritis, and gastroduodenitis. /Route not specified/
[Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983. 150]**PEER REVIEWED**

SYMPTOMATOLOGY (acute intoxication): 1. Early emotional lability: exhilariation, boastfulness, talkativeness, remorse, and belligerency. 2. Impaired motor coordination: slowed reaction time, slurred speech, ataxia. 3. Sensory disturbances: diplopia, vertigo. 4. Flushing of face, rapid pulse, sweating. 5. Nausea and vomiting. Eventual incontinence of urine and feces. 6. Drowsiness, stupor and finally coma, with impaired or absent tendon reflexes. Convulsive episodes may indicate hypoglycemia. /Ethyl alcohol/
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. III-169]**PEER REVIEWED**

SYMPTOMATOLOGY (acute intoxication): 7. Pupils dilated or normal. 8. Peripheral vascular collapse (shock): hypotension, tachycardia, cold pale skin, hypothermia. 9. Slow stertorous respirations. 10. Death from respiratory or circulatory failure or from aspiration pneumonitis. 11. During convalescence: postalcoholic headache and gastritis; infections (for example, pneumonia, septicemia); alcoholic psychoses (for example, delirium tremens). /Ethyl alcohol/
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. III-169]**PEER REVIEWED**

Acute acetone intoxication was reported in a 10-year old boy who wore a hip cast set with a mixture of 90% acetone, 9% pentane and 1% methyl salicylate. The following symptoms were described: restlessness, headache, vomiting (positive benzidine for blood), stupor, blood pressure 80/60, rapid and irregular respiration rate.
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I,II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991. 10]**PEER REVIEWED**

A total of 659 males occupationally exposed to acetone and other solvents were divided into nine unrelated groups working in plastic boat, chemical, plastic button, paint, and shoe factories. Urine samples were collected at the beginning of the workshift and at the end of the first half of the shift. A close relationship (correlation coefficient always above 0.85) between the average environmental solvent concentration (mg/cu m) measured in the breathing zone and the urinary concentration of unchanged solvent (ug/l) was observed. A Biological Equivalent Exposure Limit (56 mg/l) corresponding to the environmental Threshold Limit Value (58 mg/l) was recommended for acetone. The biological exposure data for urine collected over 4 hr during random sampling for at least 1 yr could be used to evaluate long-term exposure and probability of non-compliance for individual or groups of workers.
[Ghittori S et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 48 (9): 786-90 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Direct contact of acetone with the eyes may produce irritation and corneal injury.
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. 1(78) 186]**PEER REVIEWED**

High vapor concentrations will produce anesthesia.
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. 1(78) 186]**PEER REVIEWED**

Acetone can be placed among solvents of comparatively low acute and chronic toxicities. Acetone does not have sufficient warning properties to prevent repeated exposures to vapors which may have adverse effects. There has been no reports that prolonged inhalation of low vapor concentrations result in any serious chronic effects in humans.
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. 1(78) 186]**PEER REVIEWED**

Severe toxic effects: 4,000 ppm= 9,650 mg/cu m, 60 minutes; symptoms of illness: 800 ppm= 1,930 mg/cu m, 60 minutes.
[Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983. 150]**PEER REVIEWED**

Toxic concn in human blood: 200.0-300.0 ug/ml (20.0-30.0 mg %); lethal concn in human blood: 550.0 ug/ml (55.0 mg %)
[Winek, C.L. Drug and Chemical Blood-Level Data 1985. Pittsburgh, PA: Allied Fischer Scientific, 1985. 1]**PEER REVIEWED**

Symptoms following acute acetone ingestion include nausea, vomiting, gastric hemorrhage, sedation, respiratory depression, ataxia, and paresthesia. Depression resembles alcoholic stupor, but its onset is quicker than that with ethanol. Coughing and bronchial irritation may be the only clues to ingestion of quantities that are too small to produce sedation. Hyperglycemia and ketonemia with acidosis that resembles acute diabetic coma may be present.
[Gossel, T.A., J.D. Bricker. Principles of Clinical Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press, Ltd., 1994. 89]**PEER REVIEWED**

EXPOSURE FOR 15 MINUTES TO 1660 PPM CAUSES IRRITATION OF EYES AND NOSE ...
[Thienes, C., and T.J. Haley. Clinical Toxicology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1972. 137]**PEER REVIEWED**

Human Toxicity Values:

In children 2 to 3 ml/kg is considered to be toxic.
[Gossel, T.A., J.D. Bricker. Principles of Clinical Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press, Ltd., 1994. 89]**PEER REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

EXPOSURE FOR 15 MINUTES TO 1660 PPM CAUSES IRRITATION OF EYES AND NOSE ...
[Thienes, C., and T.J. Haley. Clinical Toxicology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1972. 137]**PEER REVIEWED**

Medical Surveillance:

Urinary glucaric acid and the ratio between 6-beta-OH-cortisol and 17-OH-corticosteroids were determined in chemical workers exposed to styrene greater than or equal to 164 mg/cu m, and acetone greater than or equal to 571 mg/cu m, and in a control group. Exposed workers had significantly higher excretion of glucaric acid and a higher ratio. ... Urinary mercapturic acids were also increased. Simultaneous styrene and acetone exposure induces mono-oxygenases in humans. ...
[Dolara P et al: Annals of Occupat Hyg 27 (2): 183-8 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,510,107 workers (466,677 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Acetone in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetone is produced or used(SRC). The 8 hour TWA exposure to acetone was in the range of 0-70,000 umols/cu m in a survey of 659 occupationally exposed male subjects working in shoe, plastics and chemical plants in Italy (2). Workers in a Japanese acetate fiber producing plant had detectable levels of acetone in urine samples between 1 and 160 mg/l(3). The average TWA exposure to acetone in 7 spray painting and glue spraying plants was 0.9, 3.2, 2.3 0.9 and 5.6 ppm for higher-aromatic paint spraying, lower-aromatic paint spraying, glue spraying, solvent wiping, and paint mixing respectively(4).
[(1) NIOSH; National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983) (2) Ghittori S et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 48: 786 (1987) (3) Fujino A et al; Br J Ind Med 49: 654-57 (1992) (4) Whitehead LW et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 45: 767-72 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The general population may be exposed to acetone through the use of commercially available products containing this compound such as paints, adhesives, cosmetics, and rubber cements(SRC). Exposure will also arise from inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of drinking water, and food that contains acetone(SRC). The average blood concn of acetone in 600 non-occupationally exposed persons in the US was 3,100 ppb(1).
[(1) Ashley DL et al; Clin Chem 40: 1401-04 (1994)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Body Burden:

Acetone was detected in the expired breath of 23 of 26 smokers and 42 of 43 nonsmokers in the US(1). Acetone was ubiquitous in the expired air from a carefully selected urban population of 54 normal healthy non-smoking people (387 samples) with a geometric mean concn of 101.3 ng/l(2). Acetone loss in the urine is generally 1 mg/24 hr for a normal adult but is about 50 mg in children(3,4). Acetone was detected in the expired breath of children in 2 classrooms in France at an average concn of 800 ng/l(5).
[(1) Gordon SM; J Chromatogr 511: 291-302 (1990) (2) Krotoszynski BK et al; J Anal Toxicol 3: 225-34 (1979) (3) Harper HA; Review of Physiological Chemistry 12th ed p. 303 (1969) (4) White WL et al; Chemistry for Medical Technologists 3rd ed Mosby Co St Louis, MO (1970) (5) Cailleux A et al; Chromatographia 37: 57-59 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Average Daily Intake:

AIR INTAKE (assume air concn of 0.05-20 ppb): 24-960 mg; WATER INTAKE - insufficient data; FOOD INTAKE - insufficient data. (SRC)
**PEER REVIEWED**
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Note

• A Flammable, colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant ethereal odor. It is a commonly used solvent and in pharmacy is so used; in concentrations above 80%, it is used as an antiseptic. It is one of the KETONE BODIES produced in ketoacidosis as in diabetic acidosis and starvation acidosis. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  

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